Customer Retention | REVE Chat Your customers' smile Thu, 27 Mar 2025 07:16:09 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8 Customer Retention Cost: How to Calculate, Formula & Examples https://www.revechat.com/blog/customer-retention-cost/ Thu, 27 Mar 2025 06:55:36 +0000 https://www.revechat.com/blog/ Imagine you run a SaaS company, a B2B service firm, or a cloud solutions provider. You’ve worked hard to acquire new clients, and they’re signing up. But over time, you notice a troubling pattern that they aren’t renewing contracts or engaging with your services as expected. Despite your best efforts, once-loyal clients drift away. That’s the real challenge businesses face.

Every business deals with client churn. Maybe it’s a software provider offering a dedicated success manager to improve retention, a consulting firm providing personalized onboarding, or a cloud service company enhancing support through live chat. While these retention efforts are necessary, they come with a cost.

But how much are you really spending to keep your clients engaged? Understanding your Customer Retention Cost (CRC) is key to making sure your efforts are paying off.

In this blog, we’ll break down what CRC is, how to calculate it, and actionable strategies to reduce it without compromising client experience.

What is Customer Retention Cost?

Customer Retention Cost (CRC) is a business’s total expense to keep its existing customers. It includes costs for customer support, loyalty programs, personalized marketing, and other retention efforts aimed at reducing churn.

The Difference Between Customer Retention Cost and Customer Acquisition Cost

The difference between Customer Retention Cost (CRC) and Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) is essential for managing your business finances effectively. While CAC covers the investment required to attract a new customer, CRC focuses on the expenses needed to keep them engaged and satisfied.

Here’s a detailed comparison to help you grasp the key differences:

AspectCustomer Acquisition Cost (CAC)Customer Retention Cost (CRC)
DefinitionCost of acquiring new customers through sales and marketing efforts.Cost of maintaining and retaining existing customers.
TimeframeBefore the sale (pre-customer stage)After the sale (post-customer stage)
Key ExpensesAdvertising, sales promotions, employee salaries, CRM tools, landing pages, and marketing campaigns.Customer support, loyalty programs, renewal incentives, live chat support, chatbot automation, and surveys.
GoalExpand market presence and acquire new customers.Strengthen customer relationships, improve satisfaction, and reduce churn.
Impact on ProfitabilityHigh CAC without proper retention increases churn and lowers ROI.Lower CRC with efficient retention strategies can significantly boost lifetime value (CLV) and profitability.

Customer Retention Cost Formula

You can calculate your Customer Retention Cost (CRC) with this simple formula:

CRC Formula:

Customer Retention Cost (CRC) = Total Retention Expenses / Number of Active Customers 

To make it easy to understand, let’s break it down step by step:

1. Total Retention Expenses

  • This includes all the costs associated with customer support, loyalty programs, product improvements, customer success teams, and technology like live chat or AI chatbots that enhance engagement, provide instant support, and improve client retention.
  • Example: If you spend on customer support software, chatbot implementation, and account management, these contribute to your retention expenses.

2. Number of Active Customers 

  • This refers to the number of customers who continue using your product or service within a given time frame (monthly, quarterly, or annually).
  • Example: If you started with 1,000 customers and retained 900 by the end of the year, your retained customers are 900

How to Calculate Customer Retention Cost & Examples?

Calculating Customer Retention Cost (CRC) helps your business understand how much you spend to retain your customers. By tracking this metric, you can assess whether your retention strategies are cost-effective and identify areas for improvement.

To better understand how Customer Retention Cost (CRC) is calculated, let’s take REVE Chat as an example. REVE Chat is a leading provider of Live Chat and AI-powered Chatbot solutions, helping businesses engage with customers in real time and improve retention. With its AI-driven automation and proactive support, REVE Chat enables businesses to reduce response times, enhance customer satisfaction, and drive long-term loyalty.

Step 1: Identify Total Retention Expenses

As a SaaS company, REVE Chat invests in multiple retention-focused initiatives to ensure customers stay engaged and satisfied. Let’s assume those expenses include:

  • Customer Support Costs – Live chat, AI chatbot maintenance, and 24/7 support team salaries
  • Customer Success Team Salaries – Dedicated managers working on customer retention
  • Loyalty & Engagement Initiatives – Exclusive feature rollouts, premium support, and client training programs
  • Email & Marketing Campaigns – Personalized customer engagement campaigns to nurture existing users
  • Customer Feedback & Improvement Tools – Surveys, NPS tools, and sentiment analysis software
  • Suppose the total retention-related expenses for REVE Chat add up to $1,500,000 per year.

Step 2: Determine the Number of Active Customers

To calculate CRC, we need to know how many customers REVE Chat successfully retained within a given period. Let’s assume:

  • Active Customers Retained in a Year = 30,000

Step 3: Apply the CRC Formula

The formula for calculating Customer Retention Cost is:

CRC = Number of Active Customers / Total Retention Expenses

For REVE Chat:

CRC = 1,500,000 / 30,000 =50

This means REVE Chat spends $50 per customer annually to retain existing users.

Why Customer Retention Costs are Important?

Customer retention costs play a crucial role in the long-term success of a business. Studies show that acquiring a new customer can be five times more expensive than retaining an existing one. That’s why businesses that focus on keeping their current customers happy tend to see higher profits and stronger brand loyalty over time.

Here’s why understanding and managing your retention costs is essential:

  • Cost Efficiency – Since retaining customers is significantly cheaper than acquiring new ones, businesses can reduce their overall marketing and sales expenses by prioritizing customer loyalty.
  • Higher Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) – Repeat customers tend to spend more over time, making them more profitable compared to one-time buyers.
  • Stronger Brand Advocacy – Satisfied customers become brand ambassadors, spreading positive word-of-mouth and attracting new customers without additional costs.
  • Lower Support and Marketing Expenses – Existing customers typically require less onboarding, fewer marketing efforts, and minimal support, improving profit margins.
  • Competitive Edge – A loyal customer base means less vulnerability to competitors, even if they offer lower prices or new features.

By improving customer retention rates, companies can stabilize their market position and continue to grow. And by keeping retention costs in check and implementing effective strategies like personalized engagement, proactive support, and AI-powered automation, businesses can foster long-term relationships while driving sustainable growth.

5 Proven Strategies to Decrease Your Customer Retention Cost

To improve long-term profitability, you need to reduce customer retention costs. You can do that by enhancing customer experience, optimizing onboarding, leveraging data and automation, and more. Below are five proven strategies to achieve this: 

1. Focus on Customer Experience

Optimize Onboarding: A smooth onboarding process helps customers quickly understand the value of your product or service. It reduces the need for costly interventions later. Also, if the customers need to come to you with confusion with your product that creates a negative impact. So, onboard them with self-guided walkthroughs. It will ease the process and improve customer satisfaction.

Streamline Customer Interactions: You can implement customer support tools like Live Chat to assist with customer inquiries and provide faster responses. This allows customers to access support resources when they need them most, improving the overall experience.

Personalize Engagement: Use customer data to personalize interactions, ensuring that customers receive relevant information at the right time, which increases engagement and loyalty.

2. Minimize Involuntary Churn

Identify Churn Signals Early: See customer analytics to identify customers at risk of churning. Proactively reach out with targeted offers or solutions to address their concerns and keep them engaged.

Reduce Friction: Simplify processes for your customers. Automating parts of the customer journey, like support or payment processes, can make their experience smoother and reduce the likelihood of abandonment.

Offer Incentives: Reward customers for their continued business by offering loyalty perks or personalized discounts, encouraging them to stay with your brand.

3. Leverage Data and Automation to Drive Efficiency

Segment Customers for Better Targeting: Segment your customer base to tailor your marketing and support efforts. By automating personalized messages and offers based on customer behavior, you ensure they receive relevant communications that drive engagement.

Automate Follow-Ups and Retargeting: Use automation tools to send follow-up messages and reminders or retarget customers who haven’t completed a purchase. This helps re-engage potential customers and reduces acquisition costs.

Optimize Customer Support with Automation: By integrating support tools like AI-powered chatbots that handle repetitive tasks, you reduce the workload on your support team and ensure customers receive faster responses. This not only boosts satisfaction but also cuts operational costs.

4. Focus on Loyalty

Upsell and Cross-Sell Strategically: Use customer data to identify upsell opportunities and deliver them at the right moments, enhancing customer lifetime value. This can be automated through tailored recommendations during key customer touchpoints.

Build Strong Relationships: By offering consistent, personalized service and anticipating customer needs, you create stronger relationships that go beyond transactional interactions.

5. Optimize Support Resources for Faster Resolution

Offer 24/7 Self-Service: Allow customers to resolve common issues on their own through self-service options that are available around the clock. Automation tools like chatbots can help provide answers to frequently asked questions and guide customers to the right resources.

Improve Support Workflows: Streamline customer service workflows by automating the distribution of tickets, queries, or support tasks. This ensures faster resolution and a more efficient use of resources.

Ask for Feedback: After resolving issues, send automated surveys to gather real-time customer feedback. This helps identify areas for improvement and shows customers that their opinions matter, enhancing their loyalty.

Conclusion

Customer retention is a vital component of long-term business success, and understanding the cost involved is crucial to improving profitability. By calculating your Customer Retention Cost (CRC) and adopting strategies like optimizing customer experience, reducing churn, leveraging automation, and focusing on loyalty, you can significantly lower retention expenses while strengthening customer relationships.

Remember, the key to reducing retention costs lies in being proactive and strategic in your efforts. With the right approach, you can turn loyal customers into brand advocates, leading to sustainable growth and a stronger bottom line.
If you’re looking to optimize your customer retention strategies, book a free demo today. We offer innovative solutions, including AI-powered chatbots and live chat support, to help you retain customers more effectively and efficiently. Let’s take your retention efforts to the next level!

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Customer Retention Rate: Formula, How to Calculate & Improve https://www.revechat.com/blog/customer-retention-rate/ Thu, 27 Feb 2025 07:19:08 +0000 https://www.revechat.com/blog/ Suppose, you’re investing heavily in marketing to acquire new customers, but your revenue isn’t growing as expected. The reason? Customers aren’t sticking around. 

Retaining customers is far more cost-effective than acquiring new ones, yet many businesses struggle to effectively measure and improve their customer retention rate (CRR).

For eCommerce businesses, SaaS platforms, and service providers, knowing how to calculate customer retention rate is the first step in building a strategy to improve it. Without a clear retention metric, businesses face challenges like: 

  • Unclear customer loyalty trends – Are customers leaving after their first purchase?
  • Missed revenue opportunities – How much more could existing customers contribute?
  • Inefficient marketing spend – Are you investing in the wrong acquisition strategies?

This blog will break down how to calculate customer retention rate with a simple formula, why it matters, and how you can use this data to build stronger customer relationships.

What is Customer Retention Rate?

Customer retention rate (CRR) is the percentage of customers who continue doing business with your company over a specific period. It helps measure customer retention by assessing loyalty and satisfaction. 

This gives insight into how well your business retains existing customers. A strong retention rate indicates that customers find value in your product or service, while a low rate may highlight areas for improvement in customer experience.

Average Customer Retention Rate by Industry

Customer retention rate varies from industry to industry. Though several businesses have specific retention rates, the average customer retention rate is considered 78% based on a recent study.

Customer retention rate for different industries
Demandsage

Below is a concise overview of average retention rates for several industries including telecom, BFSI, eCommerce, IT, and many more.

IndustryAverage Retention Rate
Telecommunications78%
E-commerce38%
Financial Services 78%
Banking 75%
IT Services81%

Telecommunications (78%)

The telecom industry enjoys a relatively high retention rate due to long-term contracts, bundled services, and customer reliance on network infrastructure. However, competitive pricing and service quality remain key factors influencing retention.

E-commerce (38%)

E-commerce businesses face significant challenges in customer retention due to high competition, frequent price comparisons, and a wide range of options for consumers. Personalized recommendations, loyalty programs, and seamless customer support can help improve retention.

Financial Services (78%)

The financial services sector benefits from strong customer trust and long-term relationships, especially in investment and insurance services. Customers tend to stay with institutions that offer security, seamless transactions, and personalized financial products.

Banking (75%)

Banks maintain a strong retention rate by offering essential financial services, convenience, and loyalty incentives. However, customer experience, digital banking features, and service fees play crucial roles in long-term customer retention.

IT Services (81%)

The IT services industry sees the highest retention rate due to the critical nature of software, cloud solutions, and managed services in business operations. Companies that offer reliable support, innovation, and scalability tend to retain customers for longer periods.

Customer Retention Rate Formula: How to Calculate It?

You need to understand your customer retention rate because this is crucial for assessing business growth and customer loyalty. To make it easy, let’s break it down step by step so you can understand and apply it to your business.

The Customer Retention Rate Formula

The standard formula for calculating customer retention rate is:

( E – N ) ÷ S× 100 = Customer Retention Rate (%)

Where:

  • E = Number of customers at the end of a given period
  • N = Number of new customers acquired during that period
  • S = Number of customers at the start of the period

How to Calculate Customer Retention Rate (Step-by-Step)

Step 1: Define Your Time Period

First, decide on the time frame you want to measure. Businesses typically evaluate retention rates on a:

  • Annual basis (e.g., for year-over-year comparisons)
  • Quarterly basis (every three months)
  • Monthly basis (useful for fast-growing industries like SaaS)
  • Weekly or even daily basis (for companies with rapidly changing customer bases)

Step 2: Gather Your Data

Once you’ve chosen the time frame, you’ll need the following numbers:

  • Customers at the start of the period (S): The total number of customers you had at the beginning.
  • Customers at the end of the period (E): The total number of customers remaining at the end.
  • New customers acquired during the period (N): The total number of customers gained within this time frame.

Step 3: Plug Your Numbers Into the Formula

Now, apply your data to the formula:

( E – N ) ÷ S× 100

This calculation gives you the percentage of customers you retained during that period.

Customer Retention Rate Example

Let’s walk through a real-world example to make this clear:

Imagine you run a subscription-based business and want to measure your customer retention rate for the past year. And your business data is below.

  • Start of the year (S): 1,000 customers
  • End of the year (E): 1,200 customers
  • New customers added during the year (N): 400

Now, let’s plug the values into the formula:

( E – N ) ÷ S× 100

(1200 – 400) ÷ 1000 × 100

800 ÷ 1000 × 100 = 80% retention rate

This means that 80% of your customers stayed with your business over the course of the year.

How to Improve Your Customer Retention Rate?

Improving the customer retention rate requires a strategic approach, including understanding the customers, engaging proactively, providing improved customer service and a personalized experience, building a strong relationship, and many more.

Below are some effective ways to improve your customer retention rate. Let’s go through it.

Understand your Customers

You can’t retain customers if you don’t know what they want. Knowing them is your foundation. Dig into who they are, their preferences, pain points, and buying habits. You can use surveys, chat feedback, or even a quick “What do you think?” email to learn more. 

Look at your sales data too, it’ll show you what they love and what they skip. An Adobe study found that 71% of customers expect businesses to understand their unique needs

Learn more: 15 Effective Customer Retention Strategies from Top Brands

Proactively Engage Customers Before They Drift

Don’t wait for your customers to call you with a problem, get ahead of it. Reaching out first shows them you’re invested in their happiness, not just their money.

How you can start: Drop them a personalized email like, “How’s [your product] treating you?” or share a tip based on how they’re using it.

Forrester says 66% of customers value their time above all else. By checking in, you save them the hassle and keep them hooked on your business.

Improve Customer Service

Your customer service is your retention glue. If you mess it up, they will be gone. Respond fast (aim for under an hour), solve problems completely, and train your team to empathize, not just troubleshoot. 

A study found that 66% of customers ditch brands after one bad experience, while 74% stay loyal when issues are fixed well. You can add self-service options like FAQs or a chatbot for quick wins.

In 2025, Gartner predicts 40% of customer service will be AI-assisted, but a human touch still seals trust and balance. Good customer service turns a $50 buyer into a $ 500-lifetime customer by showing reliability.

Provide Personalized Customer Experience

Your customers want you to know what they like, especially in 2025 when personalization is no longer optional, it’s expected. By continuously improving customer experience, you can keep them loyal and reduce the chances they’ll look elsewhere.

You can use data you already have like their past purchases or browsing history to suggest something just for them. 

A birthday discount or an email saying, “This might suit you,” can go a long way. For instance, if they bought a planner, follow up with a list of pens that complement it, not a random ad.

Epsilon’s research shows that 80% of people buy more when offers feel personal. It’s about using customer behavior to show you’re listening, not guessing. 

Tools like Chatbot and Live Chat can play a major role here. The chatbot intelligently recommends products based on customer preferences, previous interactions, and real-time queries, creating a more engaging shopping experience. 

Live chat agents can further enhance this by offering human-assisted, tailored suggestions, making every interaction feel seamless and meaningful.

Build Good Relationships With Your Customers

Loyalty isn’t transactional, it’s emotional. Show gratitude with a post-purchase “Thank you” email or a handwritten note for big spenders. Ask for feedback as it matters (“What can we improve?”), and share your story or maybe a blog post on how your business started. 

Harvard Business Review found emotionally connected customers are 52% more valuable, and a 2024 PwC study says 73% want brands to “know them.

Ask for Customer Feedback

Your customers have opinions, and asking for them shows you’re serious about keeping them happy. Don’t assume you know what’s working, let them tell you. A quick “How are we doing?” survey after a purchase or a casual “What can we improve?” email opens the door. Follow up on what they say, fix issues, thank them for praise, and let them know you’ve listened. 

A Qualtrics study found that 77% of customers feel more loyal when businesses act on their feedback, a trend growing as transparency matters more in 2025. Microsoft’s data adds that 52% are less likely to switch brands after being asked their opinion.

Monitor Customer Retention Metrics

You can’t build loyalty to your customers without knowing what’s working. And the right metrics are your guide. They pinpoint why customers stay or leave, helping your business keep more of them. Here’s what to track and how to use it. Because data is your shortcut to a stronger bottom line.

Key Metrics to Watch:

  • Net Promoter Score (NPS): One of the major metrics to measure is your net promotor score. You can ask, “How likely are you to recommend us? (0-10)” Subtract detractors (0-6) from promoters (9-10). A score above 50 is gold.
  • Customer Effort Score (CES): After support, ask, “How easy was that? (1-5)” Lower effort means higher loyalty.
  • First Response Time (FRT): How fast do you answer? Aim for under an hour to keep trust high.
  • Churn Rate: (Customers lost ÷ Total customers) × 100—aim below 5%.

Create a Loyalty Program 

Loyalty programs aren’t just perks, they’re retention engines. But generic discounts won’t cut it. Your program needs to feel valuable and relevant.

You can offer tiered rewards (e.g., VIP status after $500 spent) or points for actions like referrals. Starbucks’ program, for instance, drives 40% of its revenue by rewarding frequent buyers with freebies.

To make it unique you can tie rewards to your brand, and think of exclusive access (e.g., early product drops) over basic cashback. 

The result you will get from this is, that loyal customers spend 67% more than new ones, per Inc. A well-designed program turns one-time buyers into lifelong fans.

Choose the Right Tools

You probably now understand that to improve your customer retention rate, it’s essential to step up your customer service game. To deliver top-notch service, you need to offer real-time support and personalized experiences that make your customers feel valued. 

The right tools can lighten the load and help you keep them coming back. Here are a few you might consider to boost your retention efforts.

REVE Chat

When your customers need help, they don’t want to wait. REVE Chat lets you connect with them instantly through live chat, AI-powered chatbots, and even voice options. It’s built to handle queries across channels like your website or social media, so you can solve issues fast and keep interactions smooth.

Klaviyo

Retention isn’t just about fixing problems, it’s about staying in touch. Klaviyo focuses on email marketing, letting you send tailored campaigns based on what your customers buy or browse. Think “Happy Birthday” discounts or product tips that hit the mark, all automated to save you time.

Mixpanel

You need to know what’s working, and Mixpanel digs into the data. This analytics tool tracks how your customers use your product or site, spotting trends like drop-offs or repeat purchases. It’s your window into why they stay or why they leave.

Conclusion

To increase your customer retention rate, you need to improve customer experience. Because satisfied customers are far more likely to stay loyal to your brand. A seamless, engaging, and personalized experience makes all the difference in whether customers return or look elsewhere.

AI chatbots and live chat provide instant support, proactive engagement, and personalized interactions to ensure customers feel valued at every touchpoint. Whether resolving queries in real-time, providing product recommendations, or guiding users through their journey, these tools help build trust and long-term relationships.

Want to improve your customer retention rate? Try REVE Chat’s AI-powered chatbot and live chat solutions to deliver exceptional customer experiences that keep your customers coming back. Sign up for a free demo today!

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What is Customer Retention? Metrics & How to Improve (2025) https://www.revechat.com/blog/customer-retention/ Tue, 21 Jan 2025 11:09:53 +0000 https://www.revechat.com/blog/ Customer retention is a key metric for both B2B and B2C businesses. It helps evaluate the company’s product strengths, customer service, customer experience, and profitability. However, improving your customer experience greatly impacts customer retention for your business. 

Businesses are facing challenges in retaining their customers. Are you struggling to retain your customers? Then you need to focus on how you handle your customers throughout their journey.

The better your customer experience, the longer they will stay.

According to Statista, the average customer retention rate is approximately 75.5% across all industries. See the rate of customer retention in different industries.

In this blog, we have covered customer retention definition or meaning, key metrics, how to retain customers, and examples of improving customer retention. Let’s explore.

What is Customer Retention?

Customer retention meaning: Customer retention means keeping your customers with your business for a specific time.

Customer Retention Definition: Customer retention is a metric that focuses on encouraging repeat purchases, providing quality customer service, and improving customer loyalty to reduce churn. However, it is the ability of a business to keep its existing customers with your brand over time.

Customer retention definition

For instance, you have got new customers. Now, it’s time to focus on retaining and turning them into repeat buyers. In this case, you need to ensure a better customer experience. But How? Meeting your customer expectations, building a strong customer relationship, and offering the best customer services are essential.

If you can’t ensure those, your churn rate will be higher and your retention rate will be lower.

In this regard, AI-powered chatbot plays a crucial role in managing all of your customer’s expectations from a single platform. It ensures omnichannel customer service and a more personalized customer experience.

Why is Customer Retention Important?

Customer retention is important for several aspects of a business including branding, customer satisfaction, cost efficiency, competitive advantages, more loyal customers, profitability, and sustainability.

benefits of customer retention

Well, look at the benefits of customer retention.

Profitability

Does customer retention impact profitability? Yes, customer retention has a direct impact on profitability. If your customer retention rate increases by 5%, your business profit can boost by 25% to 95%.

The more customers you retain, the more recurring revenue you generate.

Cost Efficiency

Is it cost-effective? Customer retention is seven times more cost-effective than customer acquisition. You don’t need to attract, educate, and convert new customers. 

Selling your product to the customers with whom you already have a relationship is often a more effective way of growing revenue (upsell or cross-sell).

Sustainable Growth

Does it ensure sustainable growth? Retention is a more sustainable business model that ensures sustainable business growth. Customers who feel satisfied with your services will frequently buy from you.

Reduce Churn Rate

Can it reduce the customer churn rate? Focusing on customer retention helps to minimize the churn rate. The right strategy ensures a healthy retention rate. Let’s have a look at how to reduce the churn rate for your business.

Customer retention is the lifeblood of SaaS companies. However, no matter your industry, it is a core goal for every business, whether B2B or B2C.

What are the Metrics of Customer Retention?

Customer retention metrics are the units or variables to determine the performance of business operations including marketing, sales, customer service, and even product management. 

In short, customer retention metrics are used to measure the opportunities to attract and retain customers to your business.

The customer retention data helps to fine-tune the entire customer journey and create a delightful user experience for both B2B and B2C businesses.

Top B2B Customer Retention Metrics

See the below table where the B2B customer retention metrics, what you measure, and formulas are included.

MetricMeasureFormula
Customer Retention Rate (CRR)Percentage of customers retained over a specific period(E−N)/S×100

E: Customers at end, N: New customers, S: Customers at start

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)Total revenue expected from a customer over their lifetimeAvg. Purchase Value × Purchase Frequency × Lifespan
Net Promoter Score (NPS)Measures customer loyalty based on the likelihood of recommending%\ Promoters – %\ Detractors
Churn RatePercentage of customers lost during a period(Lost Customers / Customers at Start)×100
Upsell and Cross-Sell RateTracks frequency of upgraded or complementary product purchases(Upsells / Total Customers)×100
Engagement MetricsMeasures frequency of platform interactions or feature usageTotal Engagements / Active Customers
Renewal RatePercentage of customers renewing subscriptions(Renewed Subscriptions / Eligible Renewals)×100
Customer Health Score (CHS)Composite metric evaluating satisfaction, usage, and interactionsWeighted Scores of Satisfaction, Usage, and Interactions
Time to Value (TTV)The time it takes for a customer to realize value from the productTime of Value−Time of Onboarding
Advocacy MetricsMeasures referrals, testimonials, or case studies(Advocates / Total Customers)×100

These are the important customer retention metrics for B2B business. Now you can easily calculate your retention metrics by using those formulas.

Top B2C Customer Retention Metrics

Here, B2C customer retention metrics are given with the purpose of measurement and the required formulas.

MetricMeasureFormula
Repeat Purchase Rate (RPR)Percentage of customers making multiple purchases(Repeat Customers / Total Customers)×100
Purchase Frequency (PF)Tracks how often customers make purchasesTotal Orders / Total Customers
Average Order Value (AOV)Average revenue per transactionTotal Revenue / Number of Orders
Customer Loyalty Index (CLI)Combines NPS, repeat purchases, and upselling to measure loyaltyComposite of NPS, Repeat Purchases, Upselling Rate
Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT)Measures customer satisfaction with a product or service(Satisfied Responses / Total Responses)×100
Time Between PurchasesTracks the average time between repeat purchasesThe sum of Time Intervals / Number of Intervals
Active Customer RatePercentage of actively purchasing customers(Active Customers / Total Customers)×100
Retention Revenue RateRevenue generated from repeat customers(Revenue from Repeat Customers / Total Revenue)×100
Customer Referral RateFrequency of customer referrals(Referred Customers / Total Customers)×100

Several companies evaluate these retention metrics on an annual, quarterly, monthly, or weekly basis. The fast-moving SaaS companies may even look at these data daily.

Key Customer Retention Metrics to Measure

Tracking the retention metrics over time helps improve customer retention. Some of the metrics are mostly used by different industries which are provided below with the calculation process.

The following formulas will help you calculate them easily. All you need to do is put the desired numbers into the given formulas to get metrics instantly. 

The below table enlists the most useful customer retention metrics for all types of businesses.

Key MetricsFormula
Customer Retention Rate(Customers at the end of a period – new customers acquired during the period) / Customers at the start of the period x 100
Customer Lifetime ValueCustomer value x Average customer lifespan
Customer Churn Rate(No. of customers at the start of the year – No. of customers at the end of the year) / No. of customers at the start of the year x 100
Repeat Purchase RateNo. of returning customers / No. of total customers x 100
Net Promoter Score% of Promoters – % of Detractors
Product Return RateNo. of units sold that were later returned / Total no. of units sold x 100
Loyal Customer RateNo. of repeat customers / Total customers x 100
Customer Satisfaction Score(No. of satisfied respondents / Total no. of respondents) × 100
Annual Days Sales Outstanding(Accounts receivable / Annual revenue) × 365 Days
Monthly Recurring RevenueAverage revenue per account x Total accounts in a month 

Now, take a look at how to calculate the metrics of customer retention using formulas.

Customer Retention Rate (CRR)

Customer Retention Rate is the most straightforward metric for measuring customer retention. It helps to find the percentage of loyal customers to your business over time. After calculating the CRR, you can see how effective your current strategy is to retain your customers.

What You Measure: Rate of the retained customers of a business over a specific time.

Customer Retention Formula:

Customer retention rate = (Customers at the end of a period – new customers acquired during the period) / Customers at the start of the period x 100

customer retention rate formula

Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)

The longer a company retains loyal customers, their lifetime values become higher.

Customer lifetime value measures how much revenue you can generate from customers during their lifetime. It’s a metric to track consistently whether you sell individual products or services.

What You Measure: Revenue generated by the most loyal customer

Customer Lifetime Value Formula:

Customer lifetime value = Customer value x Average customer lifespan

Customer lifetime value formula

Here, consider a specific period-

  • Customer value = Average purchase value x Average number of purchases
  • Average purchase value = Total revenue / Total no. of purchases
  • Average no. of purchase = Total no. of purchases / Total customer no.
  • Average customer lifespan = Average no. of years the customer is active / Total no. of customers

Customer Churn Rate

Churned customers are those who stopped using your service. So it is one of the crucial metrics to measure your customer retention. When a company faces a high churn rate, it faces a major challenge to retain its customers.

For example, some of your customers might stop using your service because they may have gone through different challenges. It could be their businesses being acquired, they went bankrupt or they chose other service providers.

If your customer churn rate is more than 5 to 7%, then it’s time to rethink. 

The main thing is to identify their problems first to reduce your churn rate. Either your product quality or the customer experience with your business can be evaluated.

What You Measure: Rate of customers lost over a specific period.

Customer Churn Formula:

Customer Churn Rate = (No. of Customers at Start of Year – No. of Customers at End of Year) / No. of Customers at the Start of Year x 100

customer churn rate formula

Repeat Purchase Rate

The repeat purchase ratio measures the rate of customers that come back to buy from your company again. This metric is a direct indicator of customer loyalty.

By calculating the repeat purchase rate, you can find out which types of customers are making the most repeat purchases. It helps to adjust your target buyer persona for marketing.

Repeat Purchase Rate Formula:

Repeat Purchase Rate = No. of Returning Customers / No. of Total Customers x 100

repeat purchase rate formula

Net Promoter Score (NPS)

NPS is a qualitative measure of customer satisfaction and how likely the customers are to refer your business to others. It is a customer loyalty score, ranging from -100 to 100. You can explore what is a good Net Promoter Score.

If you compare your Net Promoter Score to the rate of revenue growth and customer churn, you can predict the potential growth through referral and retention. 

According to the London School of Economics, “An average NPS increase of 7% correlates on average with a 1% growth in revenue.”

It’s just a simple question you can ask your customer to determine the score like “How likely are you to recommend us to a friend or colleague?” 

Net Promoter Score Formula:

Net Promoter Score = % of Promoters – % of Detractors

Net promoter score formula

Product Return Rate

The product return ratio measures the rate of returned products. Though the products could be returned for various reasons, the ultimate goal is to keep this as low as possible.

In customer retention strategy, product returns can be extremely problematic, especially for the B2B business. Generally, the product return rate of B2C retailers for online stores is 20% and in-store 9%.

The product return rate is the most important data for the customer success team to find out the exact problem.

Product Return Rate Formula:

Product Return Rate = No. of Units Sold That Were Later Returned / Total No. of Units Sold x 100

product churn rate formula

Loyal Customer Rate

Your loyal customers are the most valuable so it’s crucial to know how many customers are loyal to your brand. This metric measures the number of buyers who made repeat purchases during a month, quarter, or year.

This includes both new and existing customers. The loyal customers of your business act like brand ambassadors. You can have a look at the ways to increase your loyal customer base.

Loyal Customer Rate Formula:

Loyal Customer Rate = No. of Repeat Customers / Total Customers x 100

Loyal customer rate formula

However, the above-mentioned retention metrics are mostly used for all types of businesses. We have another blog on how to calculate customer retention metrics. Here, you’ll find a detailed calculation process for more retention metrics.

10 Powerful Ways to Improve Customer Retention

How to improve customer retention? Here are some effective ways to improve customer retention. You need to implement the right strategy at the right time for your business.

But before creating a customer retention strategy, you should consider some key things like your business’s-

  • type and size,
  • product or service, 
  • targeted customer profile,
  • the volume of your customers,
  • the current retention metrics data.

Here, each strategy is designed to be customer-focused, actionable, and easy to implement.

  1. Providing Exceptional Customer Service & Support
  2. Ensuring More Personalized Customer Experience
  3. Meeting Customer Expectations & Satisfaction
  4. Automating Your Customer Engagement Process
  5. Building Trust with Your Customers
  6. Keeping Your Customers Posted & Engaged
  7. Offering Something Special for Your Customers
  8. Introducing On-demand Features & New Product Line 
  9. Continuously Tracking Your Retention Metrics & Adjusting the Strategies
  10. Ensuring a Positive Experience for Your Employee 
how to improve customer retention- best practices

Let’s explore some of the best practices for customer retention.

1. Providing Proactive Customer Service & Support

Customer service and support of a business greatly impact customer retention. When your customers get the desired level of services, they feel comfortable staying with your brand.

Are customer service and support similar? Simply, No.

Customer service deals with the entire customer experience throughout their lifecycle. Meanwhile, customer support focuses on helping customers to solve their technical problems. 

Okay, but how can you ensure exceptional customer service and support? Let’s see the key actions to make it happen and shape your customer retention process.

  • Adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Proactive Solutions
  • Improve Your Customer Onboarding Process
  • Offer Omnichannel Customer Support
  • Improve First Call Resolution (FCR)
  • Respond Your Customer Queries Quickly

Let’s discuss how to improve customer retention with quality customer service and support.

  • Adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Proactive Solutions

If you are still using the traditional customer service process or a customer service tool that is not up to the mark, you can’t make it, can you?

Well, a live chat for your website can turn your customers into sales and they can receive expected services and support through this channel. But if you can’t ensure that customers get immediate responses and solutions, will it be fruitful at all?

In this case, integrating an AI chatbot with your live chat will be the best solution. It’ll help your business to offer quality customer service that drives the desired level of customer retention.

For example, stc is the largest telecommunication company in Kuwait. This company has a 2.3 million customer base. With the AI-powered chatbot, it has been automating the entire customer journey, making customer support smarter and faster than ever, and ensuring effortless customer support.

  • Improve Your Customer Onboarding Process

Retention is not only about nurturing your existing customers but also welcoming your new customers with a better experience.

First impressions matter! 

Always try to make the onboarding process simple and informative. Walk your customers through the steps to get the most out of your product or service. In this regard, you can use videos, tutorials, or welcome messages to help them.

You can also greet your customers with personalized welcome messages by using chatbot templates.

  • Offer Omnichannel Customer Support

Your company should be accessible on all platforms that your customers use. Whether it’s email, chat, phone, or social media, ensure you’re available to assist them.

But how can you ensure omnichannel customer support? In this case, you can use a tool that offers omnichannel customer experience.

Well, the Smart Inbox with instant messaging capabilities can make your service faster, smarter, and more effective.

  • Improve First Call Resolution (FCR)

Imagine a scenario of customer support-

Agent: Click the Blue button.

User: I don’t see a Blue button.

Agent: It should be on the right side of your screen.

User: I’m not sure we’re on the same page.

Do you think this is seamless customer support? Of course Not!

If you can’t avoid miscommunication and resolve your customers’ issues immediately, your customers feel dissatisfied. And, this drives your customers to leave.

The co-browsing tool helps to ensure seamless customer support to overcome the scenario.

  • Respond Your Customer Queries Quickly

Time is crucial! So, aim to address customer concerns as fast as possible to build trust and satisfaction.

For businesses, it’s a common scenario that you have to deal with a lot of customer queries regularly.

When you respond to the queries immediately after receiving them, your customers will feel you are working actively towards the solutions. In this regard, using canned responses is one of the most effective solutions.

2. Ensuring Personalized Customer Experience

You have to make your customers feel valued and understood. That’s why personalized experience matters. Customer experience touches every phase of the entire journey. So, ensuring the best practices from the onboarding to after-sales service is crucial.

According to McKinsey, 71% of customers expect brands to deliver personalized experiences from the very first moment.

Does personalized experience matter in customer retention? Yes, if you ensure a personalized customer experience, your customer retention rate will be healthy.

Let’s see some touchpoints of the customer journey where you should focus.

  • Seamless Shopping Experience with AI Agent
  • Personalize Support Interaction
  • Ease the Return Process
  • Acknowledge Your Customer Complaints
  • Follow Up After a Purchase

Let’s explore more about how to improve customer retention with personalized customer experience.

  • Seamless Shopping Experience with AI Agent

The ecommerce industry should practice it to nurture their existing customers for future purchases. In this case, an AI-powered chatbot or AI Agent for your website plays a crucial role.

For example, Le REVE is a well-known fashion brand using an AI chatbot to provide the best online shopping experience to its customers.

When users visit the website, they can interact with the website chatbot to learn about product availability, color, sizes, and pricing. And they can complete their order through the chatbot.

It provides a better experience for customers by making online purchases more convenient. Next time customers come back to buy again, the chatbot can easily acknowledge users’ choices and suggest relevant products based on their purchase history.

  • Personalize Support Interaction

While communicating with your customers, try to use their names. It helps them to feel special. But how do you get their name? So creating your customers’ user accounts is vital. 

Sometimes, you can use personalized conversations based on the situation including-

For late response: Sorry for the late response notes.

For any inconvenience: Sorry for the inconvenience- apology email.

To keep waiting: Thank You for Your Patience messages.

  • Ease the Return Process

For ecommerce businesses, the return procedure should be smoother. If you can’t ensure it, you will lose a considerable number of customers.

So make sure of an easy return process and let your customers know about the return status. This practice helps your business to increase the online shopping experience as well as build trust levels.

  • Acknowledge Your Customer Complaints

Complaints are opportunities. You should listen to your customers, solve their issues promptly, and turn them into loyal advocates.

You have to prioritize your customers and try to understand their pain points. Sometimes, businesses face challenges in managing difficult customers including angry customers, indecisive customers, and so on.

Besides, your customer service team should handle customer complaints smartly. If you can’t turn your customer complaints into resolutions, your churn rate will be higher.

  • Follow Up After a Purchase

Following up after a purchase is a critical step in building lasting relationships with your customers. When done right, it can reinforce their trust, ensure satisfaction, and encourage them to return. 

Here’s how you can make your follow-up process more effective and impactful:  

  • Send a Personalized Thank You Message
  • Check-In After the Purchase
  • Stay Connected with Your Customers

“Let your customers know they matter to you, and they’ll keep coming back.”

3. Meeting Customer Expectations & Satisfaction

Meeting customer expectations and ensuring satisfaction means delivering on your promises consistently to your customers. First, you need to measure the customer satisfaction metrics. Then you can attempt the required ways to improve it.

  • Build a Customer Profile
  • Know Your Customers
  • Create an Achievable Roadmap with Your Customers
  • Ask for Your Client’s Feedback

Let’s learn more how to retain customers with ensuring customer satisfaction.

  • Build a Customer Profile

It’s crucial to understand your customers. The very first step is to create detailed profiles for them. This involves gathering insights about their preferences, habits, and challenges. 

For example, ask yourself:  

  • What motivates your customers?  
  • What problems are they trying to solve?  

When you know your audience well, you can offer services to match their needs perfectly. You can also go through how to create a customer profile.

  • Know Your Customers

Your customers are the heart of your business. Use tools like surveys and interviews to hear directly from them. Analyze their buying behavior to identify trends and patterns.

Ask questions like, 

  • What features do you love most?
  • What would make your experience better?

This knowledge helps you focus on what truly matters to them.  

  • Create an Achievable Roadmap with Your Customers

Think long-term! Show your customers how your product or service can grow with them. 

For instance, if they’re using a basic plan now, demonstrate how upgrading in the future will benefit them. This creates trust and shows that you care about their success.

  • Ask for Your Client’s Feedback

Feedback is a gift. Encourage your customers to share their thoughts through reviews, surveys, or conversations. 

Act on their suggestions and keep them informed about the improvements you’re making. When customers see their feedback implemented, it strengthens their loyalty.  

Look over customer feedback management and find the best practices and tools to improve your customer feedback.

4. Automating Your Customer Engagement Process 

Set up your customer engagement systems to send personalized reminders, thank-you emails, or updates automatically. It helps to improve retain your customers.

For example, after a purchase, you can send a follow-up email thanking them and providing tips on how to use the product. Automation ensures consistency while saving you time.  

Deploying chatbots as a part of user engagement strategies can bring significant benefits to your business. 80% of businesses said they currently use or are planning to use chatbots before the end of the year. 

5. Building Trust with Your Customers  

Building trust creates a strong emotional connection with your customers, making them more likely to stay loyal to your brand. It is one of the effective ways to retain your customers.

When customers trust that you consistently deliver value and prioritize their needs, they feel confident choosing your business repeatedly.

  • Build a Strong Relationship with Your Customers

Trust is built over time through meaningful interactions. Reach out regularly, not just to sell, but to check in. Ask how they’re finding your product or if there’s anything you can do better. 

  • Build a Strong Customer Community

A thriving customer community drives loyalty. Create spaces like Facebook groups, forums, or exclusive events where your customers can connect. 

For example, if you sell software, a user group can be a place to share tips, ask questions, and celebrate wins together.

6. Keeping Your Customers Posted and Engaged

Keeping your customers informed and engaged strengthens their connection to your brand. Regular updates, personalized messages, and educational content help maintain interest and show that you’re invested in their success. 

When customers feel consistently engaged and informed, they are more likely to stay loyal and continue choosing your business over competitors. How to keep your customers engaged with your brand?

  • Connect Regularly with Your Customers
  • Send Your Company’s Newsletter
  • Educate Your Customers
  • Segment Customers to Deliver the Right Content
  • Send Engaging Emails to Your Customers
  • Upsell & Cross Sell to Your Existing Customers

These are the effective ways to keep your customers engaged. The most important thing is to maintain a consistency. Let’s discuss.

  • Connect Regularly with Your Customers

Make it a habit to stay in touch with your customers. A friendly call, an email with helpful updates, or even a shoutout on social media can go a long way in keeping your connection strong.  

  • Send Your Company’s Newsletter

Keep your customers in the loop with newsletters packed with value. Share product updates, special offers, or customer success stories. 

  • Educate Your Customers

Customers stick around when they see the full value of your product. Provide tutorials, guides, or webinars that teach them how to get the best results. 

  • Segment Customers to Deliver the Right Content

Not every customer is the same. Use what you know about their preferences to send messages just for them. In this case, customer segmentation is vital. You can take a look at the effective ways to segment your customers.

  • Send Engaging Emails to Your Customers

Emails should do more than inform your customers. Use clear headlines, eye-catching visuals, and compelling calls to action. 

  • Upsell & Cross Sell to Your Existing Customers

Your current customers are more likely to buy from you again. Offer them products or services that enhance their experience.

7. Offering Something Special for Your Customers

Offering something special, like discounts, loyalty rewards, or personalized gifts, makes customers feel appreciated and valued. These gestures create a positive experience that encourages them to return and strengthens their emotional connection with your brand. 

When customers see tangible benefits and exclusive perks, they are more likely to stay loyal and continue doing business with you. What are the offerings that make your customers feel special?

  • Offer Buy Now, Pay Later Options
  • Give Them Discounts or Credits
  • Reward Your Loyal Customers
  • Celebrate Your Customer Milestones

Here are some practices to make your customers feel special. It helps to improve your customer retention.

  • Offer Buy Now, Pay Later Options

Make it easier for customers to say yes by offering flexible payment options. This is especially useful for higher-priced items.  

  • Give Them Discounts or Credits

Encourage repeat purchases with exclusive discounts or store credits. For example, send a message like, We miss you! Here’s 15% off your next purchase.

  • Reward Your Loyal Customers

Loyal customers are your best asset. Create a program where they earn points for purchases, referrals, or reviews, and redeem those points for rewards. This keeps them engaged and excited.

  • Celebrate Your Customer Milestones

Recognize special occasions like birthdays, and anniversaries, or purchase milestones with personalized offers. 

For example, Happy 1-Year Anniversary with Us! Here’s a special gift to celebrate.

8. Introducing On-Demand Features & New Product Lines

Introducing on-demand features and new product lines shows your customers that you’re committed to evolving with their needs and staying relevant. 

It gives them more options and flexibility, making your offerings more valuable and focused on their preferences. 

When customers see that your business listens and innovates to meet their expectations, they are more likely to remain loyal and engaged.

  • Offer On-Demand Features to Your Customers

Let your customers customize your product or service to meet their unique needs. This flexibility shows that you’re committed to making their experience perfect.  

  • Launch Subscription Services

Subscriptions make life easier for both you and your customers. They provide convenience and guarantee ongoing value. You should offer subscribers perks like discounts or early access to new features.  

9. Continuously Tracking Retention Metrics & Adjusting Strategies

Continuously tracking retention metrics helps you identify patterns and pinpoint areas where customers may be disengaged. 

By analyzing this data and adjusting your strategies, you can address issues proactively, such as improving products or personalizing communication. 

So, staying responsive to your customer behavior ensures their needs are met, building trust and encouraging long-term loyalty.

  • Spot the Customers Who Might Leave

Analyze your data to spot warning signs of customer churn, like decreased engagement or late payments. Reach out with offers or support to retain them.  

  • Collect and Analyze Your Business Data

Data always helps you stay ahead of the game. You should regularly track metrics like customer satisfaction, retention rates, and purchase patterns. And based on the insights, you should refine your strategies.  

10. Ensuring a Positive Experience for Your Employee

Your employees are the face of your business. Happy employees lead to happy customers. 

When they’re happy and motivated, they’ll provide better service to your customers. Invest in their training and show appreciation for their efforts.

By following these strategies, you can build stronger relationships with your customers and keep them coming back for more. 

Remember, customer retention is not a one-time task, it’s an ongoing commitment!

Customer Retention Tips for BFSI, E-commerce & Telecom

We’ve discussed effective retention strategies in the earlier section. Although several customer retention practices are common for all types of business, some of them are industry-based. 

Besides, the retention strategies may also differ from small to large-size businesses. You can look at the ideas for improving customer retention for small businesses.

Let’s see some customer retention tips for the banking, finance, Insurance, ecommerce, and telecom industries.

IndustryTips & TricksActionExample
Banking, Finance & InsurancePersonalized ExperiencesOffer customized products using data analytics.Suggesting a loan based on transaction history.
Reward ProgramsProvide loyalty rewards for usage or referrals.Cashback on credit card usage or discounted premiums.
Proactive Customer SupportResolve issues instantly with chatbots or live chat.Alerts for low balances or unusual activity.
E-commerceExclusive Member BenefitsCreate programs with perks like free shipping or early access.Amazon Prime’s free shipping and exclusive deals.
Personalized RecommendationsUse AI to suggest products based on purchase history.You might also like a section for similar products.
Timely EngagementSend reminders or discounts for abandoned carts.Offering a 10% discount after 24 hours of cart abandonment.
TelecomLoyalty PlansReward customers with free upgrades or bonuses for long-term usage.Free 5G access after 2 years with the provider.
Proactive Issue ResolutionAddress issues quickly using live support and compensation.Offering bill credits for service outages.
Flexible PlansAllow customization of plans based on usage.Pay-as-you-go or data rollover options.

However, these industry-specific retention practices are mostly used to improve the overall customer experience and drive customer retention. 

Do you want to learn more about customer retention strategies for the banking industry? Go through and implement the right strategy at the right time.

A Successful Customer Retention Example

Here is an example of how a finance company improved customer retention by enhancing customer experience as well as customer service.

Challenges: Higher Churn Rate

Here are some challenges the company faces in customer retention.

  • High Customer Expectations

Customers demand instant responses to their queries, such as account balance inquiries, loan status, or policy details. Long wait times often lead to frustration.  

  • Operational Inefficiencies

Traditional customer service teams struggle to handle high call volumes and repetitive queries, leading to delays and errors. 

  • Churn Risk

Customers often switch to competitors offering faster and more personalized support.  

Action: Focusing on Improving Customer Experience

Kuwait Finance House introduced REVE Chat AI Chatbot Powered by Brain AI  to handle customer queries and streamline their customer support process. This helped the company to improve the overall customer experience.

  • 24/7 Support

The chatbot was designed to answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) instantly, such as balance inquiries, transaction histories, and branch details. This ensured customers received help anytime they needed it.  

  • Personalized Experiences

The chatbot analyzed customer data to provide required suggestions, such as recommending savings plans based on spending patterns or offering pre-approved loan options.  

  • Proactive Communication

It sent timely reminders for upcoming loan payments, credit card due dates, and policy renewals, reducing missed payments and enhancing customer convenience. 

  • Feedback Collection

The bot regularly asked customers for feedback after interactions and used this data to improve its responses and suggest service enhancements.  

Results: Reduced 20% Churn Rate

  • Reduced Wait Times

The chatbot successfully handled over 70% of customer queries, significantly reducing response times and improving customer satisfaction.  

  • Enhanced Customer Engagement

Personalized recommendations and proactive reminders made customers feel valued and understood, increasing their trust in the company.  

  • Operational Efficiency

Automating repetitive tasks allowed human agents to focus on complex issues, leading to faster resolution of critical cases.  

  • Lower Churn Rate

By delivering a seamless, responsive, and personalized experience, the company saw a 20% decrease in customer churn within six months.  

Several companies like stc Kuwait, bKash, Guardian Life Insurance, Le REVE, Unity Bank, Legrand, and so on improved their customer retention rate by using the REVE Chat’s AI-powered Chatbot.

Takeaway for Businesses

Customer retention is not just a metric, it’s the foundation of sustainable growth and long-term success for any business. From tracking essential retention metrics to implementing AI-powered tools, the retention process is smoother. 

As discussed in this blog, focusing on exceptional service, personalized experiences, and continuous improvement helps to retain your customers. 

Adopting advanced technologies enhances customer interactions. It provides instant support, predictive insights, and a seamless experience that keeps customers engaged and satisfied with your brand.

Remember, retaining customers is far more cost-effective than acquiring new ones. By investing in offering unique incentives, meeting customer expectations, and regularly analyzing retention metrics, you’re ultimately driving revenue growth.  

Last but not the least! Your customers are your business’s greatest asset. Investing in chatbot technology is a smart move to improve customer retention, reduce churn, and stay ahead in a competitive market. 

With the right retention approach, your business can thrive in 2025 and beyond.

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What is Prospective Customer? Strategies, Tips & Examples https://www.revechat.com/blog/prospective-customers/ Mon, 18 Mar 2024 05:09:18 +0000 https://www.revechat.com/blog/ Understand who are your ‘PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS’ before you dive into developing your marketing and sales strategies. Sounds tricky? Well, it’s not that tough. 

There has to be a system through which you will understand who are the prospective customers for your business. Also, all of your prospects may not behave the same with your brand. Some of them may behave indifferently, show less interest in your product offerings, or may not be the right segment to market to. There will be different techniques to handle them. 

To help you identify the right ones for your business, today I will discuss what the prospective customers look like and how to turn them into your clients. 

What is a Prospective Customer?

In simple terms, the prospect or prospective customer is a business or person who is interested in a service or product but has not paid for it yet.

The interest can be shown through different ways like:

  • Signing up for a free trial, newsletter, or regular updates through emails
  • Going through the company website
  • Interested to know more about the product offerings.

In the early stage of a buyer’s journey, the prospect explores different brand options to choose from and decides if he wants to connect with a specific business or not. Remember, one thing! The prospects are not your customers yet but you have to identify them at the first stage itself to develop your marketing and sales strategies effectively.

For instance, Reebok aims to attract potential customers with higher incomes. They want to be seen as a premium brand, and their products often cost more than the average in the market. Their prospects are sports personnel and individuals who value a healthy, active lifestyle and can purchase their products.

 

Prospective Vs Potential Customers

‘Prospective’ and ‘Potential’ are terms often used interchangeably, but they carry slightly different nuances in certain contexts.

The basic difference between these two terms is- willingness. It means how likely the individual or business wants to be moved through your sales process. To distinguish a person or business as your potential customer, you must have set some parameters. The potential customer can buy your product but may not be interested in purchasing something from you at that moment. The term “potential” often implies a broader category, encompassing a larger audience that hasn’t necessarily been actively identified or engaged by the business yet.

On the other hand, a prospective customer has the intent to buy. For that reason, he will get in touch with your brand and initiate a conversation to know more. Such individuals are more likely to be converted into your clients. 

Differences Between a Prospect and a Lead

Prospective customers and leads both terms refer to potential clients. They show interest in your company’s products, but there are five main differences:

  1. A prospective customer is closer to making a deal in the sales process than a lead.
  2. A prospective customer has fewer doubts or negativity about your product.
  3. A prospect is more loyal to your product offerings than a lead.
  4. Leads collect information, while prospects actively engage with a company through emails, live chat, phone calls, or meetings.
  5. In terms of communication, businesses handle multiple leads simultaneously, but with prospects, they focus on individual, one-on-one communication.

Basic Characteristics of Prospective Customers

How to identify the prospective customers? Well, they have specific characteristics by which we can differentiate them from the rest. Here are a few!

  • They Know about Their Pain Points

When faced with a challenge, our immediate instinct is to seek a way out promptly. In this situation, we become prospects for companies offering solutions to our specific problems. Convincing these prospects becomes relatively easier if you can demonstrate a clear understanding of their pain points and present an ideal solution.

For others, the process is more intricate. It requires diligent effort to educate them about their challenges and illustrate how your product or service is helpful. This process is lengthier but essential for building conviction and trust.

  • They Know You Have the Way-Out

Did you know that 62% of customers prefer to hear from companies about what they are offering and how the services can work to solve their issues? This means your sales team should know the product well to suggest a solution that fits what customers need. So arrange product training regularly.

As a business owner, you can’t fix every customer problem. So, remember that your product or service can be the solution to what a customer is facing.

  • They Show Interest 

As the prospective customers are in search of solutions to their challenges, they are anyways interested in buying your products. It’s easier to crack the deals here. They may get in touch with your company over a phone call, live chat, visit your website, or connect on other social media platforms to learn more about your offerings. 

  • They Engage with Your Marketing Activities

Understand one thing, the prospects are half-convinced to buy from you. Due to this, they will easily engage with your marketing activities. They may sign up for a free trial, or newsletters, fill in a form, and ask for more details to understand your offerings in a better way.

So, engage with each one of them and hear them out. Lastly, show them how your product works to solve their issues. 

  • They Have the Ability to Buy Your Product

You might meet someone interested in your solution because they know there’s a problem you can fix. But, they might not have enough money to buy what you’re offering.

Did you know that 58% of customers prefer talking about the cost upfront? Surprisingly, only 23% of salespeople do this. To avoid wasting time on a sale that won’t work out, it’s smart for salespeople to bring up prices early. If the customer has a budget, then he could be a great potential customer.

  • They Trust Your Brand

Now, you have to work hard on this. Earning credibility and loyalty is important for your brand if you want to be in the long run. We all do business with companies whom we trust. To achieve this, keep working consistently on your brand through content marketing, customer reviews, and success stories. Plan how to encourage people to talk positively about your business, so you stay in the minds of potential customers.

How to Approach Your Potential Clients?

Strategies to convert prospective customers into clients

There are many potential customers out there for your brand but remember all of them are not the prospects.

About half of the potential customers whom businesses target end up not being a good match. In other words, companies spend a lot of resources on people who are not the right fit. To avoid wasting time and money, begin by figuring out which prospects could become your best customers. Here are some of the best methods to help you with that.

  • Examine Your Customer Demographics

You might already be aware that not every customer is equally important. According to Pareto’s rule, around 20% of your customers usually bring in about 80% of your profits. While newer calculations may vary a bit, the main idea remains the same: focusing on a smaller group of customers tends to bring in a bigger share of the profits.

So, understand what your existing customers experience with your product. Make a list of your good customers and find out the common factors among them. They must be coming from the same background, financial capabilities, preferences, or choices. So, when you will find out the prospective customers, look for these specific characteristics. 

Also, you can talk to your customer support team and they handle thousands of new users every day. They can tell you about the common concern, what they are looking for in your service etc. All these together help you to make new strategies to attract new customers. 

  • Establish an Online Footprint

Available online! This is one of the best ways to attract new prospective clients. Today’s tech-savvy users mostly rely on the web to do business. Even we also research on the net about a product, read reviews, and check out the website to get an idea about it before making the final decision.

Develop a user-friendly and visually appealing website that showcases your products or services. Include essential information such as your company’s story, offerings, contact details, and testimonials. Ensure your website is optimized for search engines to increase visibility. And finally create and maintain a strong presence on relevant social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Share valuable content, engage with your audience, and use it as a platform to showcase your expertise and build trust.

  • Recognize Key Decision-Makers

Prospect customers and decision markers can be the same individual or business or may be different. You have to understand this first. For example, you are the sales representative for a software company, and you want to approach a prospect, suppose XYZ Corporation, to sell your project management software. Here you might recognize key decision-makers because they are the ones who will pay for it. The employees of that company will be using your product but the management may decide whether to buy from you or not.

By this, you can tailor your approach and communication to effectively address the needs and concerns of those who have the authority to make purchasing decisions.

  • Attract Audiences from Competing Businesses

Discovering potential customers who already like your competitors’ products is a smart move. To do this, check out your competitors’ social media pages. Look at their feeds, posts, comments, and followers to find people interested in similar products. Next, try to reach out to those interested people.

Also, take a peek at the content your competitors use to promote their products and how the prospects are responding to it. Understanding what their customers like can help you figure out what features are valued, giving you improvement ideas for your product.

  • Provide Solutions, Beyond Mere Products

Remember that the prospective clients are searching for solutions to their problems. Approaching them with a focus on providing solutions beyond mere products is a strategic and customer-centric approach. Research your potential clients thoroughly to understand their business, industry, challenges, and goals. Identify specific pain points and challenges they may be facing that your products or services can address. Based on this info tailor your communication to address the specific needs of each potential client.

How to Convert Your Prospect Customers into Clients?

Nobody enjoys losing, especially when your plan to turn potential customers into actual sales doesn’t quite work out. But we all understand that when a strategy falls short, it’s a chance to learn, adjust, and improve.

It may sound easy, but we all know it’s harder in practice. So, here are some of the smart strategies for you to convert the prospects into real customers.

1. Embrace Omni-Channel Communication

The sales process works in a specific sequence that is: Attention-Interest-Desire-Action.

However, this doesn’t always happen in a fixed order. Customers might skip steps, check out other brands, change their minds, or visit a website through various channels. That’s why it’s important to connect all communication channels in one system.

Omnichannel is a way to bring together different ways of talking to customers into a single system. Here customers can connect with your brand on different channels like website and social media platforms. You can also maintain consistent messaging across all those channels and manage everything from a single place. It’s all about keeping things smooth and consistent for a better experience.

Quote 1 prospective customers

2. Create a Friendly First Message

Try to be personal in your communication while engaging with your prospective customers. A simple generic pitch is not going to work here. Regardless of how you contact them be it through phone calls, emails, or live chat, the message has to be personalized for every customer.

 Here are some tips for you!

  • Listen more and speak less.
  • Hear patiently what exactly the problem is and share your solution after that.
  • Don’t sound robotic, be kind, friendly, and understanding.
  • Help them to deal with their problems, don’t force to buy your products. 

3. Opt for Automated Communication

People crave immediate help! Often, when they visit a website, browse products, and show interest, they want quick information. To meet this need, offering chatbot and live chat support emerges as two excellent options. However, your customer support team might be occupied with complex tasks at times. This is where automated communication through chatbot becomes handy, automating various business operations, including customer support that too 24/7. 

Modern AI chatbots can handle a multitude of business functions. For instance, they can assist in booking flight tickets online by accepting your request, displaying available flights, processing your payment, and ultimately confirming the booking. Chatbots also retain previous interactions, generate performance reports, and offer many other functionalities.

Chatbot helps to convert prospects into customers

4. Demonstrate How Your Product Functions

When we’re interested in a product, we want to see how it functions before deciding to buy. Share all the cool things your product can do, like its smart features, pros, and opportunities. You can do this by creating a guide with text or video, making a presentation, user manual, or through one-to-one conversation.

The smartest choice is to give them a free trial. This lets them see if your product is what they’re looking for, and it also gives you a reason to talk to them again after the trial is over.

5. Share Real Stories and Examples to Build Trust

Nearly 88% of people trust reviews from other users almost as much as they trust recommendations from friends. When you combine storytelling with social proof, it becomes even better. Most of us when buying something online, tend to check customer reviews and testimonials to know what others are saying about that specific product. We also check customer ratings.

Showing authentic experiences and success stories can help build trust and credibility, making your prospects more likely to make a purchase.

6. Request Recommendations

How to get referrals? It’s simple! After someone becomes your customer, just ask if they know others who might like what you offer. If they’re not sure or hesitate, wait until they’ve enjoyed your product or service. Once you know they’re happy, ask again. And to make it even better, you can reward them, like a discount, for referring others to you.

 Pro Tips:

  • Always reward successful referrals.
  • Tailor your referral requests based on your relationship with each customer.
  • Once a customer gives you a referral, don’t forget to update him about the progress.
  • Show appreciation for their referrals, whether you have got new customers or not.
  • Simplify the referral process for your customers.
  • Don’t rely on just one method to ask for referrals. Utilize email, social media, or even in-person conversations to maximize your chances.

How to convert prospective customers into clients

Attracting the Prospective Customers: Best Real-Life Examples

Now, let’s explore examples of what a potential customer might look like in various industries.

eCommerce

Here, a prospective client is someone who has browsed the online store, liked some of the products, and added those to his cart but has not completed the payment yet. He may wishlist some products or sign up for regular updates as well.

How to approach him?

  • Through a proactive chatbot, you can get in touch with him and ask if he needs some help to complete the purchase.
  • Through email and push notifications or SMS you can remind him about his abandoned cart.
  • You can offer him some small discounts.

Real Estate

In real estate, a prospective customer is someone who asked about a house or apartment for sale or rent, visited some of the sites, or browsed a real estate website to get regular alerts about available properties. Essentially, it’s anyone who is looking into the possibility of becoming a new homeowner or tenant.

How to approach them?

  • First, personally get in touch with him through live chat, email, or phone call and fix up a one-on-one meeting.
  • AI chatbot for real estate is also a good option for proactive assistance. 
  • Listen carefully to his requirements.
  • Ask questions about his preferences, idea property, and budget.
  • Demonstrate your knowledge of the local real estate market, trends, and neighborhoods.
  • Share insights about property values, potential investment opportunities, and any upcoming developments in the area.
  • Share testimonials, case studies, and success stories about your real estate company to build trust.
  • Educate your potential customers about the real estate process, from property searches and negotiations to closing the deal.
  • Offer informative resources, such as market reports, guides, or blog posts, to help them make informed decisions.
  • Tailor your communication style and content to match the preferences of each client.

Quote 2 prospective customers

B2B Business

Here the prospective customer will be a company that gets in touch with a service provider to know more about its services, benefits, and pricing but has not signed the contract yet. Acquiring and maintaining business-to-business (B2B) customers involves a distinct set of strategies compared to business-to-consumer (B2C) interactions. 

The service provider companies need to check all their competitors and understand what extra they are offering to stay ahead in the long run. As the competition is huge here, you have to offer something extra to attract new customers and retain them.

Pro Tips:

  • Before approaching a prospective B2B customer, thoroughly research and understand their specific business needs and challenges.
  • Tailor your communication to highlight how your solution can address their unique pain points and contribute to their business goals.
  • Engage in networking events, industry conferences, and other platforms where you can connect with decision-makers and influencers within target organizations.
  • Offer customized solutions that align with the unique requirements of each business prospect.
  • Showcase how your product or service can provide value, enhance efficiency, or solve specific problems within their operations.

Travel and Tourism

Prospect is an individual or a group of people who want to book flights, accommodation tour packages, or other travel-related services. They visit different websites that offer travel-related services, ask for quotes, or try to book flight or train tickets. Identifying and understanding these potential customers is crucial for travel businesses to tailor their offerings and marketing strategies effectively. 

How to approach such clients?

  • Reach them proactively on the website itself through live chat or chatbot to offer instant assistance.
  • You can also help them book flights through screen share or over phone calls.
  • Talk to them to understand their preferences and offer customized travel packages.
  • Ensure that your communication is clear, transparent, and responsive.
  • Send newsletters, updates, and exclusive offers to keep your audience engaged.

How REVE Chat Can Help You Out?

REVE Chat serves as a comprehensive omnichannel customer engagement platform, enabling instant assistance on various platforms such as websites, mobile apps, and popular social media platforms including Facebook, Instagram, Telegram, Viber, and WhatsApp.

Seeking to connect with potential customers on their preferred channels? REVE Chat is the solution you need. It facilitates consistent messaging across all platforms while allowing you to manage interactions seamlessly from a centralized location.

Consider an eCommerce scenario: With REVE Chat, you can monitor real-time website visitors and proactively engage with them, offering instant assistance and even preventing potential exits from your site.

Moreover, REVE Chat features an advanced AI chatbot designed to automate customer support and other business operations. This AI chatbot can efficiently handle multiple customer inquiries simultaneously, assisting 24/7, even during peak times when support agents are occupied with complex tasks.

Experience it firsthand with REVE Chat’s 14-day FREE TRIAL, allowing you to explore and test all its distinctive features. Don’t miss out – SIGN UP today!

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Customer Expansion Guide: Definition, Types and Strategies https://www.revechat.com/blog/customer-expansion/ Tue, 05 Mar 2024 05:31:14 +0000 https://www.revechat.com/blog/ Getting new customers and keeping them around is important for a business. But there’s another key to success: expanding on the customers you already have. This means finding ways to offer more value to your existing customers, bringing in extra money in the process. It’s easier to sell more to someone who already knows and likes what you offer than to find a brand-new customer.

Think about it: getting a new customer can be five times more expensive than keeping an old one. Just imagine all the time, effort, and resources spent on getting new people to buy from you. That’s why companies are placing a strong emphasis on renewing customer subscriptions. However, when it comes to scaling up, relying solely on renewals is not enough.

That’s where a customer expansion strategy comes in handy. In this article, we’ll talk about why it’s important and discover how it can contribute to achieving consistent, long-term revenue growth, even in the face of uncertain economic conditions.

What is Customer Expansion?

“Customer expansion means making current customers happy and convincing them to buy more. This helps companies keep customers around and saves money compared to getting new customers.”

To expand, companies use strategies like selling more to current customers (upsells), offering related products (cross-sells), and adding extra features (add-ons). This is a smarter way to expand your customer base because it costs less than getting new ones. It’s useful for businesses in every domain, especially in software (like apps), where the focus is on getting more people to use and enjoy the product.

Why Customer Expansion is Important?

Getting new customers is tough in today’s competitive business world. Companies are facing fierce competition and working with limited resources, making it challenging to convince someone to say “yes” to your product without proving its value first.

One way to achieve more lasting growth is by your existing customer base expansion. This approach focuses on showing your current customers the additional value your product or service can provide.

By expanding to current customers, you aim to make them buy more and use your product or service regularly. If you succeed, you’ll keep your existing customers and avoid the costs of trying to attract new ones.

For companies keeping an eye on the churn rate is crucial. If more people are leaving your service than joining, it can lead to problems. The churn rate can be influenced by various factors, such as subscribers not continuing after a free trial or cancelling after a few months.

To boost revenue, focus on providing a smooth customer experience, enhancing satisfaction, and offering extra value. You can capture your users’ interest by upgrading your product, suggesting complementary items, or adding features for subscription-based services.

Now that you have an idea about its importance let’s explore the three types of customer expansion.

3 Main Types of Customer Expansion

There are three primary types of customer expansion:

  1. Upgrade or Upselling: Companies persuade customers to purchase a pricier premium version of the product or service they’ve chosen.
  2. Cross-selling: It involves a company suggesting additional products that complement the chosen item.
  3. Add-ons: Companies provide extra features to enhance the product or service that customers are already using.

To visually see the differences among these three types, here’s one example explained with waffles!

Types of customer expansion

 

Upgrade or Upselling for Customer Expansion

If people are already using your product, consider offering extras. This way, users can improve their experience by adding extra features through special plans.

Those days are gone when companies used to wait until users ran out of their current plan’s resources before suggesting an upgrade. Things have changed. For example, Dropbox has taken a great approach to offering upgrades to its customers.

Dropbox uses prompts to let users know about the limitations of their free accounts. They offer the chance to upgrade at any time for more storage space. This approach has proven to be effective and beneficial.

dropbox

Cross-Selling for Customer Expansion

Cross-selling and upselling both want customers to buy more, but they go about it in different ways.

Upselling tries to make customers spend more on what they already use. On the other hand, cross-selling wants customers to pay more for a related product.

For example, if you’re looking for lipstick on MAC’s website, they might suggest buying some mini must-haves as well. This is an example of cross-selling in action, even in the beauty product world.

mac

Add-Ons for Customer Expansion

Add-ons come into play when someone is already using the main product (they can’t be used on their own). You can give users the chance to enhance their product by buying additional services or products.

 Here’s an example from the well-known brand Ferns N Petals, which delivers gifts worldwide for special occasions. They provide add-ons to enhance your gift by offering additional items. For instance, if you order a birthday cake, they suggest extras like candles, flowers, or even balloons to make the celebration extra special. It’s a smart strategy to increase your product range and, as a result, boost sales.

Fnp

What is a Customer Expansion Strategy?

A Customer expansion strategy, commonly referred to as customer growth or a customer expansion plan, refers to a set of initiatives and tactics aimed at increasing revenue and extracting greater value from existing customers.

Rather than concentrating solely on acquiring new customers, companies adopting a customer expansion strategy strive to optimize the lifetime value of their existing customer base. This approach acknowledges the significance of current customers as valuable assets and aims to strengthen relationships with them.

Top 10 Powerful Customer Expansion Strategies for Business Growth

We talked about the 3 main types of customer expansion. Now, how do you actually do it? Simply offering upgrades or showing extra products on your website isn’t sufficient.

To boost your sales and profits, you must choose effective methods to connect with customers and get them interested. Companies following a strategy to get more customers should pay attention to various factors to make the most of opportunities at the right moment. So, how to use customer expansion to boost sales? We have 10 smart customer expansion strategies for you to think about.

1. Deliver Outstanding Customer Service

Growing your customer base isn’t just about getting new customers; it’s also about keeping the ones you already have with great customer service. Be proactive by helping customers when they visit your website, mobile apps, or social media. Listen to what customers say through feedback and keep making your services better based on their suggestions. 

Focus on solving problems and going above what customers expect; this makes them want to stick with your business. If you consistently give excellent service, not only will you keep your current customers happy, but they’ll also tell others about your business, helping it grow in a steady and positive way.

Wondering how to implement these strategies effectively? Well, there are numerous customer support tools available in the market, and I’d like to suggest considering REVE Chat. It stands out as one of the best AI-enabled customer support software options, allowing you to provide instant assistance across various platforms such as web, apps, Facebook, Viber, Instagram, Telegram, and WhatsApp. With its AI chatbot, your business operations, including customer service, can run smoothly even when your agents are busy or after business hours. 

REVE Chat boasts advanced features like co-browsing, ticketing systems, voice and video chat, analytics, and more, providing your company with a competitive edge. Curious to try it out? SIGN UP today to take advantage of its 14-day FREE TRIAL.

2. Create a Sense of Urgency 

To get people to buy things quickly, marketers use FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) tricks, like setting time limits or bundling products. They use many ways, like ads and messages, to make you want to buy. These tricks make you feel like you might miss out if you don’t buy right away. This helps them sell a lot in a short time. If you can make a good message and offer, your customers might buy something on the spot.

3. Offer Premium Feature Trials 

A good way to get people to upgrade to a better product or service is by giving them a chance to try your premium services for free first. When users try it out, they can see the benefits and value it offers. After the free trial ends, they can decide to buy the better plan to achieve their goals.

4. Keep Customers Informed about New Updates

Let your customers know about any new products or plans you have. Just inform them about your upcoming product launches or upgrades in advance. When they check them out, they might buy or switch to fancier plans with extra features. Reach out to them through social media, emails, web push messages, and chatbots.

5. Utilize Email Campaigns for Upselling

If you’ve got different subscription plans or extras to offer, email can really help you reach more customers.

Most times, businesses send “sales” emails when they’re reaching out to new people or trying to get free users to pay. But guess what? You can also sell more stuff to existing customers through email marketing. First, find out what your customers want before sending emails. Then, let them know about your offers. You can make really good email campaigns and send them to people on your list.

6. Offer Personalized Deals

Using the details you know about your customers—like their preferences or buying history—you can create special offers just for them. This personal touch increases the likelihood that customers will be interested in additional products or upgrades. 

When customers feel that your team is genuinely taking their needs into consideration, they are more likely to opt for these extra offerings. This personalized approach builds a stronger connection between your business and the customers, enhancing the overall satisfaction and likelihood of them choosing additional services or upgrades.

7. The Perfect Time Matters

Selecting the right moment to propose additional services to your customers is very important. Don’t make them feel pushed into upgrading. Instead, wait until they fully understand how valuable your product is. 

Once they recognize its true worth, you can then suggest extra offerings that will enhance their subscription, providing them with even more benefits. This patient and thoughtful approach ensures that customers are more likely to appreciate and accept the additional services you propose.

8. Actively Listen to Customer Feedback

Keep an eye out for chances to expand your business by paying attention to customer feedback. When customers ask questions or share concerns, they usually want a helpful response. 

If you’re careful with every email, phone call, or live chat interaction from customers, you might uncover opportunities to guide them towards better and more advanced features, helping your business grow. It’s all about being attentive and ready to spot these chances when they come up.

9. Tailor the User Interface to Address Customer Challenges

A great time to suggest customers upgrade or add extras is when they’re using your product. Make the screens they see special for them, considering any issues they might be having, and show them a good offer. Also, be sure to really pay attention to what they want, what they like, and their whole experience while setting up the screens they see.

10. Regular Upgrades for Your Offerings

To keep your current customers happy and stick to your brand, always come up with new ideas. Keep an eye on what’s happening in your industry and use new technologies to give solutions that are even better than what your customers expect. To make your product offerings valuable all the time, you have to understand what your customers want, and always find ways to make things better.

Drive Revenue Growth with Customer Expansion

Rather than always trying to get new customers, focus on giving more to the ones you already have. Not only does customer expansion increase your monthly income, but it also makes each customer more valuable over time. Using this approach also helps you handle churn by finding out what might make them go away or what could make them want to stick around for more.

 

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